Colombia · Tax Statute

Tax Statute: permanent establishment and significant economic presence

When a foreign company has a taxable presence in Colombia: the permanent establishment definition and its exceptions, how profits of branches and permanent establishments are attributed, and the significant economic presence (SEP) rules for sellers of goods and digital services. Full text in English with the Spanish original under every paragraph.

In force, updated to October 20263 articlesTax Statute (Decree 624 of 1989)Official text: DIAN legal compilation

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Official title
Decreto 624 de 1989 (marzo 30) — Por el cual se expide el Estatuto Tributario de los Impuestos Administrados por la Dirección General de Impuestos Nacionales
In English
Decree 624 of 30 March 1989 issuing the Tax Statute for the taxes administered by the National Tax Directorate
Articles on this page
Arts. 20-1, 20-2, 20-3
Topic
Taxable presence of non-residents
Main recent reform
Law 2277 of 2022 (in force from 13 December 2022; income tax changes from taxable year 2023)
Pending changes
Bill No. 004 of 2026 (Cámara), filed by the Government on 20 July 2026, was in the Third Committee of the House of Representatives in October 2026 (rapporteur appointed 1 October 2026); it has not been passed. It would raise the optional SEP rate on gross income (Art. 20-3, paragraph 2) from 3% to 5%.

In short

  • A permanent establishment is a fixed place of business in Colombia, or a dependent agent who habitually concludes contracts there (Art. 20-1); treaties prevail.
  • Acting through a broker or other independent agent in the ordinary course of its business does not by itself create a PE (Art. 20-1, paragraph 1).
  • Branches and PEs are taxed on the Colombian-source income and gains attributable to them, measured by functions, assets, risks and personnel (Art. 20-2).
  • A non-resident has a significant economic presence where it interacts deliberately and systematically with the Colombian market and earns 31,300 UVT or more a year from Colombian customers (Art. 20-3).
  • SEP covers sales of goods and listed digital services: online advertising, digital content, streaming, platforms, data and others (Art. 20-3).
  • The non-resident may elect to file and pay 3% of gross income from Colombian customers instead of being subject to withholding (Art. 20-3, paragraph 2).

Who it affects

  • Foreign companies with staff, agents or projects in Colombia.
  • Foreign sellers of goods and digital services to Colombian customers.
  • Colombian payers of foreign digital service providers (withholding).

Key dates

DateEvent
2012Law 1607: permanent establishment definition and attribution (Arts. 20-1, 20-2)
2016Law 1819: paragraph 3 of Art. 20-1
13 Dec 2022Law 2277: significant economic presence (Art. 20-3)
1 Jan 2024SEP rules apply
20 Jul 2026Reform bill No. 004 of 2026 proposes 5% instead of 3%

BCA commentary

Permanent establishment

Colombia’s definition follows the OECD model: a fixed place of business or a dependent agent with authority to conclude contracts (Art. 20-1). A treaty with the investor’s country prevails, and many Colombian treaties add a service PE for staff present in Colombia beyond a set number of days. Once a PE exists, its profits are attributed on a functional analysis (Art. 20-2) and the PE files like a Colombian company.

Significant economic presence

Since 2024, a non-resident with no physical presence can still be taxed if it sells goods or digital services to Colombian customers, interacts with the market deliberately and systematically, and has Colombian revenue of 31,300 UVT or more (Art. 20-3). Deliberate and systematic interaction is presumed where the non-resident deals with 300,000 or more customers or users in Colombia, or lets them see prices or pay in Colombian pesos. The tax is collected either by withholding by Colombian payers or, at the non-resident’s election, by filing and paying 3% of gross Colombian income.

Treaties

SEP is a domestic rule; where a double tax treaty applies, business profits of a resident of the other State are taxable in Colombia only through a permanent establishment as the treaty defines it. Check the treaty before accepting withholding.

Amendment history

Acts that gave these articles their current wording, and Constitutional Court rulings on them, as recorded in the DIAN legal compilation. Earlier amendments are not listed.

The official consolidation shows no amendments.

Full text in English

Read:

Tax Statute (Decree 624 of 1989): selected articles, in the order of the Statute.

Original (Spanish)

Estatuto Tributario (Decreto 624 de 1989): artículos seleccionados, en el orden del Estatuto.

Article 20-1Permanent establishment

Art. 20-1#

Art. 20-1. PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT. Without prejudice to the provisions of the double taxation conventions signed by Colombia, a permanent establishment means a fixed place of business located in the country through which a foreign enterprise, whether a company or any other foreign entity, or a natural person not resident in Colombia, as the case may be, carries on all or part of its activity.

This concept includes, among others, branches of foreign companies, agencies, offices, factories, workshops, mines, quarries, oil and gas wells, or any other place of extraction or exploitation of natural resources.

A permanent establishment shall also be deemed to exist in the country where a person, other than an independent agent, acts on behalf of a foreign enterprise and has, or habitually exercises, in the national territory powers authorising him or her to conclude acts or contracts that are binding on the enterprise. That foreign enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the country in respect of the activities that such person carries out for the foreign enterprise, unless the activities of that person are limited to those mentioned in the second paragraph of this article.

Note. Article added by Article 86 of Law 1607 of 2012.

Original (Spanish)

ARTÍCULO 20-1. ESTABLECIMIENTO PERMANENTE. Sin perjuicio de lo pactado en las convenciones de doble tributación suscritas por Colombia, se entiende por establecimiento permanente un lugar fijo de negocios ubicado en el país, a través del cual una empresa extranjera, ya sea sociedad o cualquier otra entidad extranjera, o persona natural sin residencia en Colombia, según el caso, realiza toda o parte de su actividad.

Este concepto comprende, entre otros, las sucursales de sociedades extranjeras, las agencias, oficinas, fábricas, talleres, minas, canteras, pozos de petróleo y gas, o cualquier otro lugar de extracción o explotación de recursos naturales.

También se entenderá que existe establecimiento permanente en el país, cuando una persona, distinta de un agente independiente, actúe por cuenta de una empresa extranjera, y tenga o ejerza habitualmente en el territorio nacional poderes que la faculten para concluir actos o contratos que sean vinculantes para la empresa. Se considerará que esa empresa extranjera tiene un establecimiento permanente en el país respecto de las actividades que dicha persona realice para la empresa extranjera, a menos que las actividades de esa persona se limiten a las mencionadas en el parágrafo segundo de este artículo.

Art. 20-1, paragraph 1#

Paragraph 1. An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in Colombia merely because it carries on its activities in the country through a broker or any other independent agent, provided that such persons act in the ordinary course of their business. However, where the independent agent carries out all or almost all of its activities on behalf of that enterprise, and conditions are established, agreed or imposed between that enterprise and the agent in their commercial and financial relations that differ from those that would have been established or agreed between independent enterprises, that agent shall not be considered an independent agent for the purposes of this paragraph.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 1o. No se entiende que una empresa tiene un establecimiento permanente en Colombia por el simple hecho de que realice sus actividades en el país a través de un corredor o de cualquier otro agente independiente, siempre que dichas personas actúen dentro del giro ordinario de su actividad. No obstante, cuando el agente independiente realice todas o casi todas sus actividades por cuenta de tal empresa, y entre esa empresa y el agente se establezcan, pacten o impongan condiciones respecto de sus relaciones comerciales y financieras que difieran de las que se habrían establecido o pactado entre empresas independientes, dicho agente no será considerado como agente independiente para efectos de este parágrafo.

Art. 20-1, paragraph 2#

Paragraph 2. A foreign enterprise shall not be deemed to have an establishment in the country where the activity carried on by that enterprise is exclusively of an auxiliary or preparatory character.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 2o. No se entiende que una empresa extranjera tiene un establecimiento en el país cuando la actividad realizada por dicha empresa es de carácter exclusivamente auxiliar o preparatorio.

Art. 20-1, paragraph 3#

Paragraph 3. Representative offices of foreign reinsurance companies shall not be considered a permanent establishment.

Note. Paragraph 3 added by Article 21 of Law 1819 of 2016.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 3o. Las oficinas de representación de sociedades reaseguradoras del exterior no se consideran un establecimiento permanente.

Article 20-2Taxation of permanent establishments and branches

Art. 20-2#

Art. 20-2. TAXATION OF PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENTS AND BRANCHES. Non-resident natural persons and foreign legal entities and entities that have a permanent establishment or a branch in the country, as the case may be, shall be taxpayers of income tax and complementary taxes in respect of the Colombian-source income and occasional gains attributable to the permanent establishment or branch, as the case may be, in accordance with this article and the regulations implementing it. Such income and occasional gains shall be determined on the basis of the functions, assets, risks and personnel involved in obtaining them.

Note. Article added by Article 87 of Law 1607 of 2012.

Original (Spanish)

ARTÍCULO 20-2. TRIBUTACIÓN DE LOS ESTABLECIMIENTOS PERMANENTES Y SUCURSALES. Las personas naturales no residentes y las personas jurídicas y entidades extranjeras que tengan un establecimiento permanente o una sucursal en el país, según el caso, serán contribuyentes del impuesto sobre la renta y complementarios con respecto a las rentas y ganancias ocasionales de fuente nacional que le sean atribuibles al establecimiento permanente o a la sucursal, según el caso, de acuerdo con lo consagrado en este artículo y con las disposiciones que lo reglamenten. La determinación de dichas rentas y ganancias ocasionales se realizará con base en criterios de funciones, activos, riesgos y personal involucrados en la obtención de las mencionadas rentas y ganancias ocasionales.

Art. 20-2, paragraph#

Paragraph. For the purposes of attributing the income and occasional gains referred to in this article, permanent establishments and branches of foreign companies shall keep separate accounts that clearly identify the income, costs and expenses attributable to them. Without prejudice to compliance by those subject to the transfer pricing regime with the formal duties relating to the informative return and supporting documentation, for the purposes of this article the accounts of permanent establishments and branches of foreign companies shall be supported by a study of the functions, assets, risks and personnel involved in obtaining the income and occasional gains attributed to them.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO. Para propósitos de la atribución de las rentas y ganancias ocasionales a que se refiere este artículo, los establecimientos permanentes y las sucursales de sociedades extranjeras deberán llevar contabilidad separada en la que se discriminen claramente los ingresos, costos y gastos que les sean atribuibles. Sin perjuicio del cumplimiento por parte de los obligados al régimen de precios de transferencia de los deberes formales relativos a la declaración informativa y a la documentación comprobatoria, para efectos de lo establecido en este artículo, la contabilidad de los establecimientos permanentes y de las sucursales de sociedades extranjeras deberá estar soportada en un estudio sobre las funciones, activos, riesgos y personal involucrados en la obtención de las rentas y de las ganancias ocasionales atribuidas a ellos.

Article 20-3Taxation of significant economic presence

Art. 20-3#

Art. 20-3. TAXATION FOR SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC PRESENCE IN COLOMBIA. Non-resident persons or entities not domiciled in the country that have a significant economic presence in Colombia are subject to income tax and complementary taxes on income from the sale of goods and/or the provision of services to customers and/or users located in the national territory. Liability to income tax under this article shall be subject to the following rules:

1. For the marketing of goods and/or services, a non-resident person or non-domiciled entity shall be deemed to have a significant economic presence in Colombia where:

1.1. It maintains deliberate and systematic interaction(s) with the Colombian market, that is, with customer(s) and/or user(s) located in the national territory; and

1.2. During the previous taxable year or the current taxable year, it obtained or obtains gross income of thirty-one thousand three hundred (31.300) UVT or more from transactions involving the sale of goods with customer(s) and/or user(s) located in the national territory.

2. For the provision of digital services from abroad, persons providing any of the following are subject to income tax, provided that the preceding items are met:

2.1. Online advertising services.

2.2. Digital content services, whether online or downloadable, including mobile applications, e-books, music and films.

2.3. Free transmission services, including television programmes, films, “streaming”, music, multimedia transmission – “podcasts” and any form of digital content.

2.4. Any form of monetisation of information and/or data of users located in the national territory that has been generated by the activity of those users in digital markets.

2.5. Online services of intermediation platforms

2.6. Digital subscriptions to audiovisual media including, among others, news, magazines, newspapers, music, video and games of any kind.

2.7. The management, administration or handling of electronic data, including web hosting, online data storage, file-sharing services or cloud storage.

2.8. Online, standardised or automated search engine services or licensing, including customised “software”.

2.9. The supply of rights to use or exploit intangibles.

2.10. Other electronic or digital services intended for users located in the national territory.

2.11. Any other service provided through a digital market intended for users located in the national territory.

Note. Article added by Article 57 of Law 2277 of 2022.

Original (Spanish)

ARTÍCULO 20-3. TRIBUTACIÓN POR PRESENCIA ECONÓMICA SIGNIFICATIVA EN COLOMBIA. Se encuentran sometidos al impuesto sobre la renta y complementarios las personas no residentes o entidades no domiciliadas en el país con presencia económica significativa en Colombia sobre los ingresos provenientes de la venta de bienes y/o prestación de servicios a favor de clientes y/o usuarios ubicados en el territorio nacional. La sujeción al impuesto sobre la renta aquí contemplada estará condicionada a las siguientes reglas:

1. Para la comercialización de bienes y/o servicios, se entenderá que una persona no residente o entidad no domiciliada tendrá una presencia económica significativa en Colombia cuando:

1.1. Se mantenga interacción (es) deliberada (s) y sistemática (s) en el mercado colombiano, esto es, con cliente(s) y/o usuario(s) ubicado(s) en el territorio nacional; y

1.2. Durante el año gravable anterior o en el año gravable en curso, hubiere obtenido u obtenga ingresos brutos de treinta y un mil trescientas (31.300) UVT o más por transacciones que involucren venta de bienes con cliente(s) y/o usuario(s) ubicado(s) en el territorio nacional.

2. Para la prestación de servicios digitales desde el exterior se encuentran sujetos al impuesto sobre la renta, siendo necesario cumplir los numerales anteriores, las personas que presten cualquiera de los siguientes:

2.1. Los servicios de publicidad online.

2.2. Los servicios de contenidos digitales, sean online o descargables, incluyendo las aplicaciones móviles, libros electrónicos, música y película.

2.3. Los servicios de transmisión libre, incluyendo programas de televisión, películas, "streaming", música, transmisión multimedia - "podcasts" y cualquier forma de contenido digital.

2.4. Cualquier forma de monetización de información y/o datos de usuarios ubicados en el territorio nacional y que han sido generados por la actividad de dichos usuarios en mercados digitales.

2.5. Los servicios online de plataformas de intermediación

2.6. Las suscripciones digitales a medios audiovisuales incluyendo, entre otras, noticias, magacines, periódicos, música, video, juegos de cualquier tipo.

2.7. La gerencia, administración o manejo de datos electrónicos incluyendo el almacenamiento web, almacenamiento de datos en línea, servicios de intercambio de archivos o de almacenamiento en la nube.

2.8. Los servicios o el licenciamiento de motores de búsqueda online, estandarizados o automatizados incluyendo "software" personalizado.

2.9. El suministro de derecho de uso o explotación de intangibles.

2.10. Otros servicios electrónicos o digitales con destino a usuarios Ubicados en el territorio nacional.

2.11. Cualquier otro servicio prestado a través de un mercado digital con destino a usuarios ubicados en el territorio nacional.

Art. 20-3, paragraph 1#

Paragraph 1. For the purposes of item 1.1 of this article, deliberate and systematic interaction(s) with the Colombian market, that is, with customer(s) and/or user(s) located in the national territory, is presumed to exist where:

1. The non-resident person or entity not domiciled in the country maintains an interaction or marketing deployment with three hundred thousand (300.000) or more customers and/or users located in Colombian territory during the previous taxable year or the current taxable year; or

2. The non-resident person or entity not domiciled in the country maintains or establishes the possibility of displaying prices in Colombian pesos (COP) or of allowing payment in Colombian pesos (COP).

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 1o. Para efectos del numeral 1.1. del presente artículo se presume que existe una (s) interacción (es) deliberada (s) y sistemática (s) en el mercado colombiano, esto es, con cliente(s) y/o usuario(s) ubicado(s) en el territorio nacional cuando:

1. La persona no residente o entidad no domiciliada en el país mantenga una interacción o despliegue de mercadeo con trescientos mil (300.000) o más clientes y/o usuarios ubicados en el territorio colombiano durante el año gravable anterior o el año gravable en curso; o

2. La persona no residente o entidad no domiciliada en el país mantenga o establezca la posibilidad de visualizar precios en pesos colombianos (COP) o permitir el pago en pesos colombianos (COP).

Art. 20-3, paragraph 2#

Paragraph 2. The non-resident person or entity not domiciled in Colombia referred to in this provision may elect to declare and pay, on the income tax return form, a rate of three per cent (3%) on the total gross income derived from the sale of goods and/or the provision of digital services from abroad, sold or provided to users located in the national territory. In that case, Article 594-2 of the Tax Statute shall not apply.

Where the non-resident person or entity not domiciled in Colombia elects this mechanism, it may request that the withholding tax referred to in paragraph 8 of Article 408 of the Tax Statute not be applied.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 2o. La persona no residente o entidad no domiciliada en Colombia a la que se refiere esta disposición, podrá optar por declarar y pagar en el formulario del impuesto sobre la renta, una tarifa del tres por ciento (3%) sobre la totalidad de los ingresos brutos derivados de la venta de bienes y/o prestación de servicios digitales, desde el exterior, vendidos o prestados a usuarios ubicados en el territorio nacional. En este caso, no aplicará el Artículo 594-2 del Estatuto Tributario.

Cuando la persona no residente o entidad no domiciliada en Colombia, opte por este mecanismo, podrá solicitar la no aplicación de la retención en la fuente indicada en el inciso 8 del Artículo 408 del Estatuto Tributario.

Art. 20-3, paragraph 3#

Paragraph 3. Item 1 of this article shall apply on an aggregate basis to the activities carried on by related parties according to the related-party criteria laid down in Article 260-1 of this Statute.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 3o. El numeral 1 del presente artículo se aplicará de manera agregada para las actividades realizadas por personas vinculadas según los criterios de vinculación previstos en el Artículo 260-1 de este Estatuto.

Art. 20-3, paragraph 4#

Paragraph 4. The provisions of this article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of the conventions for the elimination of double taxation signed by Colombia.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 4o. Lo dispuesto en este artículo, se entenderá sin perjuicio de lo pactado en los convenios para eliminar la doble tributación suscritos por Colombia.

Art. 20-3, paragraph 5#

Paragraph 5. Any provision of this article that is contrary to the rule implementing an international agreement signed by Colombia that prohibits this taxation shall cease to have effect for fiscal years beginning after the date on which that international agreement enters into force.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 5o. Lo dispuesto en este artículo que sea contrario a la norma mediante la cual se implemente un acuerdo internacional suscrito por Colombia que prohíba esta tributación, dejará de surtir efectos para los ejercicios fiscales que comiencen con posterioridad a la fecha en que entre en vigor dicho acuerdo internacional.

Art. 20-3, paragraph 6#

Paragraph 6. The national Government shall regulate the withholding and filing obligations as well as the collection mechanisms

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 6o. El Gobierno nacional reglamentará las obligaciones de retención y declaración como también los mecanismos de recaudo

Art. 20-3, paragraph 7#

Paragraph 7. Foreign individuals and legal entities with a significant economic presence in the country, whether or not they have been designated large taxpayers, shall not be subject to the formal obligations applicable to tax residents.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 7o. Los individuos y personas jurídicas extranjeras con presencia económica significativa en el país, hayan sido o no nombrados gran contribuyente, no estarán sujetas a obligaciones formales, aplicables a los residentes fiscales.

Art. 20-3, paragraph 8#

Paragraph 8. The rules laid down in this article and in Article 408 of the Tax Statute in relation to significant economic presence shall enter into force on the first (1) of January 2024.

Original (Spanish)

PARÁGRAFO 8o. Las reglas previstas en este artículo y el artículo 408 del Estatuto Tributario, en relación con la presencia económica significativa, entrarán a regir a partir del primero (1) de enero de 2024.

How to cite

Cite the article and paragraph, and link to the paragraph anchor. For example:

Colombia, Tax Statute (Decree 624 of 1989), Art. 20-3 (unofficial English translation, BCA LatAm Law Library), https://bcaparaguay.com.py/law-library/colombia/tax-statute/permanent-establishment-significant-economic-presence#art-20-3-p2

Unofficial translation by BCA LatAm for information. Only the Spanish text published in the Diario Oficial is authentic. Article headings are editorial; chapter, section and marginal headings are the law’s own. Text checked against the consolidated Tax Statute in the legal compilation (normograma) of the National Directorate of Taxes and Customs (normograma.dian.gov.co), with its notes on amendments and Constitutional Court rulings; struck-out words are omitted and marked […] on 27 October 2026. This page is not legal advice.

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